The two species of trematodes that cause fascioliasis fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica are leafshaped worms, large enough to be visible to the naked eye adult f. These forms usually have intermediate morphologic characteristics e. Humans acquire fasciola after ingestion of aquatic plants, such as fresh watercress, that are contaminated with fasciola metacercaria. Fascioliasis due to fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica. Pdf rapd variation in two trematode species fasciola. They are hermaphroditic and their distinguishing characteristics are shown in the following table. Sedimentation technique foreyt, 2005 for quantitative. Fasciola hepatica is a parasitic fluke that lives in the liver. Comparative characterization of micrornas from the liver. Nisbet4, qingyou liu5, muxin chen2, dong hui zhou1, xingquan zhu1,6 1state key laboratory of veterinary etiological biology, key laboratory of veterinary parasitology of gansu province, lanzhou veterinary. Fasciola hepatica wikispecies, free species directory.
Molecular identification and seasonal infections of. Fascioliasis, a food or waterborne trematodiasis due to infection by fasciola hepatica fh or f. This parasite reduces the amount of meat that a cow will produce when slaughtered. The disease caused by the fluke is called fasciolosis or fascioliasis, which is a type of. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. It is cosmopolitan and pathogenic and measures about 20 to 50 mm in.
The life cycle is essentially the same for both fasciola species and differs only in the intermediate host snail species 8. The below mentioned article provides an overview on fasciola hepatica liver fluke. Fasciola hepatica can affect 46 species of wild and domestic animals as well as humans. Comparative characterization of micrornas from the liver flukes fasciola giganticaand f. The animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Life cycle was described including the hatching of egg. Fascioliasis due to fasciola hepatica and fasciola.
There have been several attempts to describe new species and subspecies of fasciola from material originally classi. Trematodes of the genus fasciola are among the most successful globallydispersed helminths and have a major impact on humans and their livestock. Results of its1 and nad1 sequence analyses showed that 11 of the 17 fascioliasis cases characterized genetically were infections of f. The common names are the sheep liver fluke and the common liver fluke. Fascioliasis due to fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica infection. It infects the livers of various mammals, including humans. It is commonly known as liver fluke and is an endoparasite in the bile duct of sheeps liver. Jun 10, 2011 a few species have been described within the genus fasciola, but only three species, fasciola hepatica, fasciola gigantica and fasciola jacksoni are commonly recognized as taxonomically valid, with f. This is the first demonstration of fasciola infection in hubei province and detection of f. This size cannot be explained by genome duplication or. In the absence of commercially available vaccines to control fasciolosis, increasing reports of resistance to current. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in.
The method of random dna amplification by pcr with arbitrary primers rapdpcr was used for the description and estimation of genetic variation in two trematode species, fasciola hepatica n 21 and dicrocoelium dendriticum n 8. Their success can be attributed to many physiological adaptations that allow them to infect and develop within their mammalian host, but chief among these is the elaboration of cysteine peptidases of the papain superfamily. This test uses the f2 antigen purified from fasciola extracts. Analysis of morphometric criteria with test showed that the differences between the body length, body width and distance between the union of the vitelline glands and posterior end of the body in two species are significant. These animals become infected by eating metacercariae. Fasciola hepatica fasciola gigantica fasciolopsis buski echinostoma species geographic distribution. Habitata parasite of herbivorous anim als sheep,goat and cattle, living in. In new zealand we are mainly concerned with fasciola hepatica. Its secondary hosts are either planorbis sps, bulinus sps. Genetic characterization, species differentiation and.
Both species infect the liver tissue of a wide variety of mammals, including humans, in a condition known as fascioliasis. The current study aimed to find out the morphometric and genotypic divergences of the flukes isolated from different hosts in a newly emerging focus of human fascioliasis in iran. Fasciola hepatica, in addition to sheep, also infects other vertebrates like goat, deer, horse, dog, ass, ox and occasionally man. Exploring and expanding the fattyacidbinding protein. Fasciola hepatica has been reported from the columbian blacktailed deer, 0. Fasciola hepatica wikispecies wikispecies, free species. Fasciola, commonly known as the liver fluke, is a genus of parasitic trematodes. Both fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica are known to occur in cattle, providing the opportunity for genetic recombination.
In fascioliasis caused by the liver fluke fasciola hepatica, a small parasitic flatworm that lives in the bile ducts and causes a condition known as liver rot read more. Thomas capillaria hepatica is a parasitic nematode which causes hepatic capillariasis in rodents and. The life cycle of fasciola hepatica starts when a female lays eggs in the liver of an infected human. The first case of transmission of a fasciola species by a snail not belonging to the lymnaeidae family biomphalaria alexandrina, planorbidae was recently reported in egypt 58. Among domestic animals, the sheep liver fluke fasciola hepatica may cause debilitating and fatal epidemics liver rot in sheep. Fasciola, lymnaeids and human fascioliasis, with a global overview on disease transmission, epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, molecular epidemiology and control. Fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica, as well as hybrids between the two species. Molecular and morphological characterization of fasciola spp.
Fascioliasis is caused by two species of parasitic flatworms or trematodes that mainly affect the liver. In the present study, we used a proteomicbased approach to identify proteins that are common to adult fasciola hepatica and schistosoma mansoni. The liver fluke fasciola hepatica is a major pathogen of livestock worldwide, causing huge economic losses to agriculture, as well as 2. It is known as the common liver fluke and causes a disease called fascioliasis. Fasciolidae, have a serious impact on the farming industry and public health.
It is important to get an idea about the fasciola hepatica life cycle to determine the best treatment option. Distribution status of hybrid types in large liver flukes. A few species have been described within the genus fasciola, but only three species, fasciola hepatica, fasciola gigantica and fasciola jacksoni are commonly recognized as taxonomically valid, with f. Snail and mammalian hosts for fasciola hepatica in eastern. These are no known positive effects of fasciola gigantica on humans economic importance for humans. Fasciola hepatica the liver fluke fasciola hepatica is a common fluke found in the liver and bile ducts of cattle, sheep, goat, pig, rabbit, dog etc. Fasciola hepatica sheep liver fluke phylum platyhelminthe class trematoda fasciola gigantica very rarely infects humans. Review open access genetic characterization, species. Molecular identification and seasonal infections of species. Adult flukes can live for multiple years in their definitive host.
Fasciola hepatica is the most common and important liver fluke and has a cosmopolitan distribution in cooler climates. Adw doesnt cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. At the individual worm level, 78 of the 103 fluke sequenced were f. The life cycle, transmission, morphology, clinical presentation, and treatment of the f. After being ingested it takes 34 month for adult flukes to become mature and begin producing eggs. Studies on the molecular delineation of the genetic status of 2 genotypes of hybridization. Fasciola hepatica the common names are the sheep liver fluke and the common liver fluke. A few species have been described within the genus fasciola, but only three species,fasciola hepatica, fasciola giganticaand fasciola jacksoni are commonly recognized as taxonomically valid, withf. Fasciola hepatica an overview sciencedirect topics. Fasciola hepatica, usually termed the temperate fluke, is found worldwide, on every inhabited continent, while, fasciola gigantica, the tropical fluke is found in tropical areas of asia and africa. Economically important infections are seen in cattle, sheep, alpacas, and llamas in three forms.
Fasciola species introduction fasciola, fasciolopsis and echinostoma species are trematodes which parasitise a variety of vertebrates. Fasciola parasites live as adult flukes in the bile duct and immature eggs go out through feces and grow in fresh. Embryos of fasciola species are able to persist outside the host for several months. The life span for each stage of fasciola gigantica varies greatly. Identification of the egyptian species of fasciola. Lymnaeid mud snails are intermediate hosts and release the infective form, the metacercaria, onto herbage. Research articlesurvey of transcripts expressed by the. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts.
It causes damage to the liver tissues producing liver rot in all sheep breeding areas of the world. Little is known on the identity and genetic variability of fasciola populations in sheep. The trematodes fasciola hepatica also known as the common liver fluke or the sheep liver fluke and fasciola gigantica are large liver flukes f. Fasciola hepatica infection affects several animal species and is most often diagnosed in sheep and cattle. Oct 11, 2019 fasciola, lymnaeids and human fascioliasis, with a global overview on disease transmission, epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, molecular epidemiology and control. Genomic dna was extracted from the flukes and pcrrflp was used to. When those molecules are antigenic, they may be used for developing drugs or vaccines that simultaneously target different species or genera of parasite. Analysis of its1 and its2 sequences revealed that f. Fasciola hepatica, the common liver fluke, is recognized as one of the most important parasitic helminths affecting livestock worldwide. Yupaporn wattanagoon, danai bunnag, in hunters tropical medicine and emerging infectious disease ninth edition, 20. Fasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite in the same family as schistosomes and shares crossreactive antigens with schistosomes.
A collection of 483 samples representing fasciola from six naturally infected host species and 16 localities in spain, previously identified morphologically and genetically as fasciola hepatica, was characterized by a novel genetic marker, namely. Hepatic fasciolosis is mainly of economic importance in sheep or cattle, but other species may. With such sobering figures in mind, it is unsurprising that the effective control of liver fluke remains a top priority for farmers and animal health professionals in. Molecular and morphological characterization of fasciola. The metacercaria excyst in the duodenum and penetrate through the. In this article we will discuss about the structure of liver fluke fasciola hepatica with the help of a diagram. Fasciola hepatica sheep liver fluke phylum platyhelminthe class trematoda reported cases are mainly form africa. Fasciola hepatica, also known as the common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke, is a parasitic trematode fluke or flatworm, a type of helminth of the class trematoda, phylum platyhelminthes. Pdf genetic variability among fasciola hepatica samples.
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